Market Characterization of Ultra-Low GWP Space Conditioning Heat Pumps for Commercial Buildings

Heat pumps provide significant energy savings and a path for electrification, but they typically use refrigerants with a high global warming potential (GWP), which can degrade the greenhouse gas reductions from energy savings. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has regulations that will require refrigerants in stationary air conditioners in nonresidential buildings to be