Propane Air to Water Heat Pump Market Study

Heat pumps are pivotal in decarbonizing buildings and phasing out fossil fuel-based heating systems. However, their widespread adoption has unintended environmental consequences from the release of fluorinated refrigerant gases (HFCs, HFOs) into the atmosphere. These substances have high- and mid-GWP (Global Warming Potential) values and are associated with forming per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which persist as harmful environmental pollutants. Eliminating emissions from fluorinated refrigerants is a critical aspect of climate action, with phasedowns implemented at national, regional, and international levels over the last decade. During that time, the use of natural PFAS-free refrigerants has expanded in the HVAC and refrigeration sector, with propane-based (R-290) heat pumps emerging as the lead single-family residential market option. R-290 stands out due to its low GWP compared to other refrigerants and its exceptional efficiency and cost-effectiveness.