This project is a market characterization study designed to pave the way for incorporating MSAs directly into utility EE and decarbonization portfolios. MSAs act as advanced panel-level load management devices that transform the customer's meter location into a coordinated control point.Traditional...

This study evaluated the capabilities and real-world performance of heat pumps used for space heating and cooling in nonresidential buildings to support future California Title 24, Part 6 code development and market adoption. The research combined a review of more than 50 product lines from 21...

The market currently lacks an updated database of hot water load profiles for the hotel category. The “Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (“DEER”) Water Heater Calculator”, California building energy code compliance (“CBECC”)-Com compliance models, and the “Ecosizer” sizing tool reference...

An air‑source heat pump water heater (“HPWH”) (or the “emerging technology”) uses a reversed “Carnot” refrigeration cycle to heat potable water stored in a tank and may incorporate an electric resistance element as a supplemental heat source. During operation, the unit expels cool air, which can...

Central heat pump water heaters (“CHPWH”) are now an ongoing offering of utility efficiency programs such as “WatterSaver” and technology and equipment for clean heating (“TECH”). Furthermore, CHPWH systems now have a prescriptive path for compliance in “Title 24”. However, there are still few...

Power Drive Systems (PDSs) consisting of motors and variable frequency drives (VFDs) are used for many applications, including for powering heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment components, such as fans and pumps. Many of these end-use products are sold by component...

This project demonstrates economical retrofit strategies (the emerging technology (“ET”)) to improve energy efficiency in small-scale edge datacenters. These edge data centers usually have a limited cooling capability relying on a less efficient building heating, ventilation, air conditioning...

California has over 6,500 food and beverage manufacturing plants.  Most of these facilities use natural gas to heat relatively low-temperature hot water for cooking and cleaning requirements. Electrically powered industrial heat pumps (“IHP(s)”) can replace these hot water boilers with large energy...

This project will address barriers to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (“HVAC”) electrification in non-residential buildings using rooftop units for space heating and cooling. TRC Engineers Inc. and Energy Resources Integration (“ERI”) (collectively referred to herein as the “Project...

The project will evaluate the performance of heat recovery chillers (“HRCs”) paired with exhaust air coils in high-ventilation-rate commercial buildings, where the technology is especially well-suited to balance simultaneous heating and cooling loads. The evaluation will include an enhanced field...