The California Plumbing and Energy Codes do not mandate master mixing valves (MMV) for temperature control of domestic hot water (DHW) recirculation systems. Prior lab or field studies has not investigated the energy savings potential of MMV in recirculation systems. While some applications such as...

Currently, incentives for energy efficient water heater retrofits require a like-for-like replacement. However, there is anecdotal evidence that contractors upsize heat pump water heater replacements relative to existing gas water heaters. This project adds to current statewide water heating...

Water heating for food service applications represents 340M therms of gas consumption in California, and thus presents a significant opportunity for electrification, as well as significant efficiency improvements in retrofits and new construction applications. Public-facing design guides specific...

AESC proposes a California-focused market study and field demonstration of an all-electric CO2 refrigerant heat pump water heater (HPWH) designed for central systems in commercial and multi-family (MF) buildings. The technology supports electrification strategies, is highly energy efficient,...

This research project was performed to support the development and implementation of California’s Title 24, Part 6 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) by better understanding the impact of installation location and ventilation on consumer integrated heat pump water heaters (HPWH)...

Electrifying the building sector is a critical step towards meeting California’s decarbonization goals. Water heating for food service applications represents 340M therms of gas consumption and thus presents a significant electrification opportunity through the application of heat pump (HP)...

The California Air Resources Board and Southern California Edison recognized the need for robust primary research among key decision-makers to help California achieve the state’s ambitious climate goals – specifically through the adoption of zero-emission appliances such as heat pump water heaters,...

AESC and ASK Energy propose a California-focused field demonstration and market assessment of a packaged, modular, all-electric CO2 centralized heat pump water heater with load shift capabilities designed for commercial and multi-family buildings. The proposed technology supports electrification...

The current California Building Standards Code, Title 24, does not include minimum ventilation requirements for residential heat pump water heaters (HPWH). Building owners across California are installing HPWHs in small closets without adequate ventilation, leading to high...

This field demonstration project in a full service restaurant involves pre-retrofit energy monitoring of existing domestic hot water systems, the installation of single-pass air-source heat pumps (HPs) and other efficiency measures, and post-monitoring of optimized systems. Hot water is primarily...